11/26/2023 0 Comments Building blocks of proteinsEach particular gene provides the code necessary to construct a particular protein. A gene is a functional segment of DNA that provides the genetic information necessary to build a protein. Just as the cell’s genome describes its full complement of DNA, a cell’s proteome is its full complement of proteins. Whatever the cellular process may be, it is almost sure to involve proteins. Some of these critical biochemical reactions include building larger molecules from smaller components (such as occurs during DNA replication or synthesis of microtubules) and breaking down larger molecules into smaller components (such as when harvesting chemical energy from nutrient molecules). One of the most important classes of proteins is enzymes, which help speed up necessary biochemical reactions that take place inside the cell. Most structural components of the cell are made up, at least in part, by proteins and virtually all the functions that a cell carries out are completed with the help of proteins. This refers to the fact that DNA contains the information necessary for the cell to build one very important type of molecule: the protein. It was mentioned earlier that DNA provides a “blueprint” for the cell structure and physiology. Explain how the genetic code stored within DNA determines the protein that will form.By the end of this section, you will be able to:
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